Hcs 571

Capital Project HCS/571 Capital assets are generally purchased to improve quality of care, or to provide needed equipment for a new service or expansion of an existing service. The key element in capital budgeting is that the building or piece of equipment being acquired has a lifetime that extends beyond the year of purchase and it is a capital asset or long-term investment for the hospital. Capital assets are good financial investments for the organization. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). The Electronic health record software system is one of the important operational priorities in the US healthcare.The change from paper-based record system to electronic record system supported by technologies and help for reducing errors and improving quality of care based on best practice. (Song, McAlearney, Lausanne, Robbins, & McCullough, 2011). Research a capital purchase of software for filing patient records costing more than $5000 Health care organizations have invested heavily in computer technology. The health care organizations use computer technology and electronic health record in the actual delivery of care and to support clinical areas.The four principal uses of computers for nursing are for general information, clinical applications, research, and financial management. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). The health care organizations are in the process of major transformation, and becoming more complex. It is very important to maintain the safety of patient and to provide high quality care. (Ting, Tsang, Ip, & Ho, 2011). The electronic health record system is considered as a means of technological efficiency to reduce the cost in healthcare organization.The need for EHR in healthcare organization is based on certain evidences like, It supports guideline-based care, increased patient monitoring, act as an efficient technological tool for effective communication in areas related to patient care, and improves coordination of care(Song, McAlearney, Lausanne, Robbins, & McCullough, 2011). The electronic health record system act as an easy access for medical literature and it is considered as a fast access system due to the effective utilization of information technology and enhances the healthcare efficiency system. Hillestad, 2005). Employee development The computer software and electronic health record advances will continue to evolve and that computer use by staff nurses will become commonplace in most healthcare organizations. In the long run this will likely increase the quality of patient care due to more accurate and timely information, while creating at least some efficiency in the use of nursing time. This should release more nurse time for patient care. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). Computerization should work both to reduce nursing shortage and to increase nursing satisfaction.The health care organizations struggle to allocate sufficient funds for information system implementation, maintenance, and upgrade. The computerization of the nursing units has been a potential solution for nursing shortage. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). Management goals The EHR implementation and governance are related to each other and it is mainly focus on the mission, vision, and behavior related to the management. The decision and action from managers level management is very essential factor for the effective purchase of EHR. Jarvenpaa & Ives, 1991). The support system in the organization related to EHR implementation helps to support and motivate the employees in difficult situation related to the technical failure of the system. (Miller & Sim, 2004). The successful implementation of EMR depends upon the team and technology of the organization. Team refers to people and issues related with organization. The technology related to the choice of the software, hard ware, and design set up of the organization to meet the implementation process.The main components of implementation process are people, process, and technology. The main focus of the change management is people and the related objective is to change the behavior for the acceleration of change process. (McCarthy & Eastman, 2010). Cost containment The software related Electronic health record implementation need to be appropriate for the needs of the organization and budget. (Swab, & Ciotti, 2010) The EHR software system has many areas of market depending upon the size of the hospital bed size.The first criteria for the vendors according to the bed with 100 and small hospital The Electronic health record system cost about between $ 1 million and 2 for the electronic health record system The electronic health record software cost for the organization about medium hospital cost is much larger than the first one. It comes around three to ten million. The hospital and organization with more than average bed cost for the electronic health record system will be higher amount than the other one.The cost and amount of electronic health record system will dep end upon the size of the hospital . The management has to decide about the budget for the organization. (Swab, & Ciotti, 2010). The organization must evaluate its mission and goals in light of its particular strengths and weakness and in light of the demand for services and competition in the external environment. Based on that evaluation it can make a plan that will take advantage of opportunities like Electronic health record implementation according to the goals of an organization. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007).The planning process explicitly address whether the implementation of new services and programs that make up the majority of operations of the organization are being retained at a steady-state level or whether they are to be contracted or expanded in scope. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). The successful implementation of EMR depends upon the team and technology of the organization. Team refers to people and issues related with organization. The technology related to the c hoice of the software, hard ware, and design set up of the organization to meet the implementation process.The main components of implementation process are people, process, and technology. The main focus of the change management is people and the related objective is to change the behavior for the acceleration of change process. (McCarthy & Eastman, 2010). The computerization of the nursing units has been a potential solution for nursing shortage. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). Quality assurance The management of the organization need to review the costs of the software system related to Electronic health record implementation with users of the selection committee before the system demos.The committee includes staff from clinical areas like pharmacy, radiology, laboratory, operating room, and emergency department. The committee needs to invite physician champions to participate and observe EHR system demonstrations before selecting the system. (Swab, & Ciotti, 2010). The managemen t of the organization needs to clarify the all of the costs such as travel costs, training class tuition fees, files conversion fees, and other ancillary system fees with the vendors. Another factor need to consider while implementing Electronic health record system is the costs of additional staff required to operate the EHR system.The organization need to consider adding the IT staff, Nurse informaticist, and Chief medical information officer. (Swab, & Ciotti, 2010). Once the plan has been finalized and formalized, it serves as a guide for a number of years. Long- range plans are typically prepared only once every three or five years. Creating a new plan each year would only lead to constant changes in the organization’s direction. This would lead to wasted efforts, and money. The long-range budgets or strategic plans look in general terms at the entire organization over a period of years. Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). Program budgeting techniques are equally effective for reviewing the operations of an ongoing unit as for evaluating a new program like Electronic health record implementation. Business plans are becoming essential for the introduction of new programs. Such plans help managers complete a comprehensive examination of a proposed program. By making such a thorough review, the manager and the organization gain an in-depth understanding of the program as well as its financial implications for the organization. Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). Patient care, clinical research, and leadership role The Electronic health record software system support efficient and good health care. Electronic health record improve the completeness and accuracy of patient records and they improve communication among health care professionals. (Hayrinen,Saranto, &Nykanen, 2008). The larger hospitals, especially academic medical centers with a high acuity case mix, may benefit from investing in Electronic health record adoption.The hospitals with high patient volume s and with complex medical problems need to adopt Electronic health record as a capital asset for the organization. (MCcullough, Casey, Moscovice, & Prasad, 2010). Team refers to people and issues related with organization. The technology related to the choice of the software, hard ware, and design set up of the organization to meet the implementation process. The main components of implementation process are people, process, and technology. The main focus f the change management is people and the related objective is to change the behavior for the acceleration of change process. (McCarthy & Eastman, 2010). The monitoring of EHR implementation process mainly focused on areas like project costs, project progress, schedule controls, control changes, scope of the project, quality management, and risks. (Noblin, Cortelyou, & Ton, 2011). The EHR implementation is considered as a high-cost project. The management needs to consider and monitor equipment costs including hardware and softwar e costs.The workflow inefficiencies need to monitor and need to redesign during the implementation phase is an important step to overcome the failure. (Spector, 2010). The workflow reflects the ability of the employee to use the resources to complete the work in an effective manner to achieve better results and it also shows the efficiency of team work. (Lee, Cain, Young, Chockley, & Burstin, 2005). The EHR implementation requires strong leadership and all workers need to participate to deliver their own role for the success of the implementation process.The redesigning process improves the work efficiency and job satisfaction. (Spector, 2010). The change from paper medical records to electronic medical record system improve the quality of healthcare, reduce the administrative cost, reduce medical errors, and decrease the unnecessary expenditures for the issues related to medical errors occur during paper charting. (Huryk, 2010). The electronic medical record system is considered as a means of technological efficiency to reduce the cost in healthcare organization.The need for EHR in healthcare organization is based on certain evidences like, It supports guideline-based care, increased patient monitoring, act as an efficient technological tool for effective communication in areas related to patient care, and improves coordination of care(Song, McAlearney, Lausanne, Robbins, & McCullough, 2011). The electronic health record system act as an easy access for medical literature and it is considered as a fast access system due to the effective utilization of information technology and enhances the healthcare efficiency system. Hillestad, 2005). Research studies shows that the paper record system is inadequate to give all informations regarding patient to caregivers for the effective care. (Thakkar & Davis, 2006) The effective use of EHR minimize the problems related to healthcare disparities, allows the involvement of patients and their families in treatment plan, a nd maintain adequate privacy and security. (Podgurski, 2008). Computer uses for clinical care fall into two general areas. The first area is assement of patients.This includes computers used in laboratories to measure blood levels, in radiology for magnetic resonance imaging, and for physical assessment measures such as blood pressure. The second clinical area is storage and management of patient information. Often called the hospital information system, these computer systems store data such as patient demographics, admission, transfer, and discharge information, and documentation of nursing care provided. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007).Although clinical information systems are not directly related to financial management, data produced by these systems can be used to make financial decisions. Clinical systems are used to directly link the use of services to the billing for them. Ultimately, financial management is based on the allocation of resources; clinical information systems offer the manager data about the use of resources in the organization. Clinical information systems that combine information from a variety of sources such as laboratory, radiology, dietary, and nursing are called fully integrated systems.In these systems the data are entered once and are accessible all over the organization with appropriate confidentiality precautions. These integrated systems improve the flow of information. (Finkler, Ward, & Baker, 2007). The implementation of EHR in healthcare organization is influenced by human and technological factors. The implementation process depends upon many factors starting from employee attitudes and concerns to various technology.The main factors are readiness for the employee to accept the changes related to EHR implementation, resources available for the change, technical concern, availability of finance for the implementation of EHR, motivation of the employee, time, and ability of the individual to use computer for the effective i mplementation of EHR. (McGinn, Grenier, Duplantie, Shaw, Sicotte, Luc, Leduc, Legare, & Gagnon, 2011). The managers need to take interventions to overcome the factors influencing the implementation process early in the planning stage. (Spector, 2010).The budget development in the initial phase of change process reflects the initial cost and all other related expenses of an electronic health record system. The hardware expense needs to be classified on a yearly basis. The organization need to consider the cost of upgrading the hardware and software system to maintain the efficiency of the system. The cost for the replacement of hardware and maintenance of the computer need to be considered. The Information System Success Model evaluation measures the quality and technical achievement of the system.The system quality depends on the elements like reliability, accessibility, and security of the system. (Delone, & McLean, 2003). The user satisfaction level needs to be evaluated because i t reflects the level of competency, skills, and experience of the users. The overall measurements include quality of care in terms of patient safety, and effectiveness of care, accessibility of care, and productivity. ( Lau, Hagens, &Muttitt, 2007)The implementation process requires skilled people in areas like computer networking, informatics, administration, management, and clinical workflow.The monitoring and controlling of the proper utilization of the resource specialist will help for the cost management. (Wang, 2003). Consultant packages The consultant from outside the organization for any change process need to be assessed, monitored, and controlled as per the organizational policy and management decision. The health care organization may need assistance from outside consultants for the effective implementation of EHR and that will cause an extra cost for the implementation process and the management need to monitor the necessity of the consultant for the process. Noblin, Cor telyou, & Ton, 2011). The quality assurance of the Electronic health record software system can be done by the evaluation process. The evaluation process need to focus on certain elements like care, human, educational, administrative, technical, and social aspects. (Shaw, 2002). The care aspect of evaluation consists of monitoring the quality of care, continuity, system acceptance from patients and other professionals. The evaluation of organizational aspects mainly focuses on examining the interconnection between different care providers in different settings. (Shaw, 2002).The educational aspects of evaluation focus on the quality of the information system for the retention of the staff, training of employees, and user satisfaction related to EHR implementation. The administrative aspect of evaluation addresses the changes related to EHR implementation and the after effect on health care services and mainly focus on areas like access to care, interactions between clients and health care workers, and changes in cost effectiveness related to new electronic system. The technical aspects of evaluation measure the technical quality, reliability, and security of the settings.The social aspects of evaluation focus on the changes in the level of social interaction after the implementation of new system. (Shaw, 2002). The other measurement strategies include evaluating the output of new system by reviewing employee satisfaction and user satisfaction. The organization need to conduct post go-live reviews after the implementation process to assessment of system. Conclusion The Electronic health record software system is one of the important operational priorities in the US health care and it should be capital assets for the organization.The health care organizations that are decided to purchase an Electronic health record system should always search for the software system with right vendors, share the costs with selection committee members, and need to think about the costs of additional staff members required to operate the software system. (Swab, & Ciotti, 2010). The other measurement strategies include evaluating the output of new system by reviewing employee satisfaction and user satisfaction. The organization need to conduct post go-live reviews after the implementation process.The successful implementation requires teamwork and effective communication technique between the vendors, health care staff, management, administration, and outside consultants. The health care organization may need assistance from outside consultants for the effective implementation of EHR and that will cause an extra cost for the implementation process and the management need to monitor the necessity of the consultant for the process. (Noblin, Cortelyou, & Ton, 2011). References Delone, W. H. , & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update.Journal of Management Information Systems,19(4), 9-30. Hayrinen,K. K. , Saranto, P. , Nykanen, P. (2008). Definition, structure, content, use, and impacts of Electronic health records: A review of the research literature. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 77(5), 291-304 Hillestad, R. (2005). Can electronic medical record systems transform healthcare? Potential health benefits , savings, and costs†. Health affairs, 2(1), 8-10. Huryk, L. (2010). Factors influencing nurses' attitudes towards healthcare information technology. Journal of nursing management, 8(5), 606-612. Jarvenpaa, S. L. , ; Ives, B. (1991).Executive involvement and participation in the management information technology. Journal of Medical Informatics, 15(2), 205-225. Lau, F. , Hagens, S. , ; Muttitt, S. (2007). A Proposed Benefits Evaluation Framework for Health Information Systems in Canada. Electronic Healthcare, 10(1), 112-118. Lee, J. , Cain, C. , Young, S. , Chockley, N. , ; Burstin, H. (2005). The adoption gap: Health information technologyin small physician pract ices. Health Affairs, 24(5), 1364-1366. McCullough, J. M. , Casey, I. , Moscovice,S. , Prasad,S. (2010). The effect of health information technology on quality in US Hospitals.Health Affairs, 29(4), 647-654. McGinn, C. A. , Grenier, S. , Duplantie, J. , Shaw, N. , Sicotte, C. , Luc, M. , Leduc, Y. , Legare, F. , ; Gagnon, M. (2011). Comparison of user groups' perspectives of barriers and facilitators to implementing electronic health records: a systematic review. BMC medicine, 9(46), 2-10. Miller, R. H. ,Sim,I. (2004). Physician’s use of electronic medical records : Barriers and solutions. Health Affairs, 23(2),116-126. Noblin, A. M. , Cortelyou, K. W. , & Ton, S. (2011). Electronic Health Record Implementations- Applying the Principles of Monitoring and Controlling to Achieve Success.The Health Care Manager, 30(1), 45-50. Podgurski, S. A. (2008). Finding a cure : The case for regulation and oversight of electronic health record system†. Harvard journal of law and techn ology, 22(1), 107-110. Shaw, N. T. (2002). ‘CHEATS': a generic information communication technology (ICT) evaluation framework. Comput Biol Med, 32(3), 209-220. Song, P. H. , McAlearney, A. S. , Lausanne, E. F. , Robbins, J. , & McCullough, J. S. (2011). Exploring the business case for ambulatory electronic health record system adoption. Journal of healthcare management, 56(3), 169-180.Spector, B. (2010). Implementing organizational change: Theory into practice (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Swab, J. , Ciotti, V. (2010). What to consider when purchasing an EHR system. Health care Financial Management, 64(5), 38-41 Thakkar, M. , & Davis, D. C. (2006). Risks, barriers, and benefits of EHR systems: A comparative study based on size of hospital. Research Journal in Health Information Management, 3(5), 10-12. Wang, S. (2003). A cost-benefit analysis of Electronic medical records in primary care. American Journal of Medicine, 114(5), 397-403.

Food College

Change what people eat and you change their lives. Food is all about the stories that define our lives. When it comes to the rhythms and symbols of faith, it's easy to see the role that food plays. Food also reflects what people believe about family and community life. Understanding the role of food in cultural and religious practice is an important part of showing respect and responding to the needs of people from a range of religious communities. However, it is important to avoid assumptions about a person’s culture and beliefs. In my West Indian culture food plays a major role.A huge part of Western India is cosmopolitan in its food habits, but there is still plenty of traditional fare to be had. The cuisine of the Caribbean is like a cultural patchwork quilt. Food in the Caribbean reflects both the best and worst of the Caribbean's history. On the positive side, Caribbean culture has been compared with a popular stew there called Callao. The stew analogy comes from the man y different ethic groups peacefully maintaining their traditions and customs while blending together, creating a distinct new flavor.On the negative side, many foods and cooking techniques derive from a history of violent European conquest, the importation of slaves from Africa, and the indentured servitude of immigrants in the plantation system. Within this context, students and other readers will understand the diverse island societies and ethnicity through their food cultures. Island food culture is an essential component in understanding the Caribbean past and present.

No Country Should Intervene in the Affairs of Another

‘The perils of indifference' was what famous Hebrew Journalist, Idle Wiser, said to describe the blatant lack of regard states had for the ways Jews were treated all across the world. Discrimination, ethnic cleansing and purges were Just a few of the atrocities that they were subject to and yet little was done to assist them. This reaffirms the need for countries to intervene in the affairs of another, in terms of economic, political or social instability, because states are not always capable of making the right decisions to maximize the welfare of the society.Indeed there are asses where external intervention is unjustified, especially when global or regional powers try to exert their influence over another country. However, it is not right to assert that ‘No country should intervene in the affairs of another' as it gives too much power to individual governments. Instead, mediated intervention should be used to ensure that countries are kept in check.The common argument to Justify the stand for ‘No external intervention' is that of sovereignty, where the basic integrity of the state should be respected. This has been encoded in the United Nations charter, as well as that of the SEAN as a basic deadline to govern state relationships with one another. It has been frequently invoked by countries, such as the Soviet Union and China in the Korean War and even Indian, in the on-going dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir.While it is important to acknowledge the view that as the government, they need to exercise their political will and have the right to exert their influence without any interference, we need to realize that this monopoly of power might not be healthy for countries, Case in point, India, who has utilized brutal methods in dumping down on the Kashmir insurgents ND have committed an overwhelming number of human rights violations since the outbreak in 1989, over a territory that has not officially been recognized as theirs.In this case i t is not right to allow India to invoke the rule of sovereignty as a meaner to justify their actions for it would allow the continuation of such actions towards the Kashmir, to render conflict even more intractable, rendering the argument for sovereignty limited as it should not absolve them of such actions. ‘The Great Satan', as the Islamic fundamentalists often describe the Americans would be another case to support this rule of non-intervention. This occurs when regional powers or international superpowers attempt to exert their influence on another country through state intervention.There were many blatant incidents of this, especially during the Cold War era. The USA ; in trying to counter the Soviet communist influence, funded Islamic extremist rebels and provided then with huge amounts of arms and today, these fundamentalists constitute the Unexamined, a transnational terrorist organization. Egypt, in trying to assert its regional leadership as the forefront of Pan-Rabb is, encouraged the Yon-Kipper war on Israel that instead had devastating impacts on the Arabs and the worldwide economies through oil crisis of 1973 that saw oil prices spike from $2. 50 per barrel to $12 per barrel.The list goes on and on with conflicts from Somalia, to Vietnam and even Shove. On of malfeasances and committing of arms should under no circumstances, be allowed. Indeed the pursuit of interests might not always harm countries, as in the case of Japan and Western Europe, whose economies were rejuvenated by western intervention, but these are the anomalies. Too often we see that states descend into rather chaos due to the polarities nature of intervention to pursue one's interests, which then highlight the dangerous potential that intervention in another's country has on society.However, these cases in which authoritarian regimes attempt to consolidate control, or governments that resort to committing atrocities to pursue their interests within the country. For example, the conflict in Syria has blown up in present day, where hundreds are killed every day by Sad, who is trying to re-assert his control in a climate of growing dissent. Human atrocities are also not limited to the ways in which countries try to assert control, but in the practices carried out as well.For example, in Afghanistan, woman are often abused ad have strict laws imposed on them, such that if they are seen in public without the permission of their husband, they could be subject to ‘acid attacks', or have their body part mutilated. Under such circumstances, it would be undesirable to continue to persuade the power of such merciless regimes Just because ‘one should respect the territorial borders of another country. This is evident in the amount if progress that has been made around the world with regard to the atrocities being committed.In the Middle East, the interference of human rights groups have helped woman earn greater rights and in 201 5, some states have a llowed women to take part in local elections. External intervention has also helped in the acquisition of independence from regimes that attempt to clamp down on the dissidents without giving them equal rights. In East Timer, the Indonesian government had tried to gain control over the territory and utilized force to dent the locals any chance of freedom. However, through UN intervention through the MUTANT and economic sanctions, East Timer was able to reek free from Indonesia and gain independence in 2002.These happenings definitely provide impetus for us to accept external intervention when we know that governments are carrying out blatant human rights violations and should be limited so as to prevent the perpetuation of such atrocities. International intervention could also be important in providing the necessary humanitarian and economic aid to countries that require help, Many countries, especially the third world, are recipients if aid from international organizations, such as the I-IN, or the Red Cross.These occur when countries are plagued by unfavorable conditions for economic growth, such as natural disasters that wreck crops and homes. Here, governments are incapable of promoting the appropriate conditions to secure the welfare of their states and in recognizing such dismal conditions, international organizations and countries extend their capacity it assist these states to promote development.This was seen clearly in the tsunamis that wrecked Thailand coastal areas in the 2004 and also in the Hurricane Strain that killed many and destroyed infrastructure in New Orleans, which sea the timely espouse if the World Red Cross in providing humanitarian aid for reconstruction. Then again, detractors argue that doing so would not benefit the economy because it aid. However, I contend that such a counter is limited by the fact that these are wrecked economies that need recovery before they can go on such pursuit for growth.Moreover, there are programmer tha t help to ensure self-sustenance in countries through aid. In example, the UN Work for food' programmer in Ethiopia, is a programmer that encourages the villagers to work build infrastructure beneficial to their society like houses in exchange for food to feed their families. Theses have the two-pronged effect of providing aid and infrastructure, while ensuring that an over- reliance is not developed. There are also critics that argue that such intervention could compel state sot impose stricter measure and refuse the aid.However, I think that the focus should be on making such states accept the aid, as opposed to chiding external intervention. Thus was evident in the Congo crisis, in which the Strangest secessionists under Toothsome refused UN aid, but after talks with the Secretary General, aid was quickly secured and eventually, the situation stabilized. Thus this enforced the idea that external intervention can also make up for what the government in not able to provide for its people.Lastly, external intervention could also be useful in states marred with civil disorder, such that control is no longer within the hands of the government. In such cases, external intervention could be useful in helping to reach a compromise between the rivaling factions so that stability can be re-established into the state. The necessity for such intervention was highlighted in Somalia, in which rivaling factions caused the country to descend into a period and chaos and disorder. In Somalia, the government was incapable and asserting its influence and when they were overthrown, civil in fighting rendered help necessary.This once again highlights that in cases that are beyond government control, external intervention should be a tool to engender a climate of stability so that peace and progress can be pursued. Some may argue that civilians are not always receptive to external intervention ad hence, external intervention and hence, external intervention could be redundant and instead, detrimental to those countries kind enough to extend aid and troops. However, I blame this reluctance on the fact that the notion of ‘non-intervention' is constantly emphasized, denying any legitimacy to bodies that attempt to help countered in need.Psychologically, the idea of non-intervention leads the majority of them believe that no mandate, regardless of who issued it, is capable of preventing them from pursuing matters that pertain into one that has impartial, peace-bringing peace-bringing connotations, I trust a much greater degree of confidence, I trust that a much greater degree of confidence will allow constructive aid to be delivered to countries that require it. Frequent and informal diplomacy' as advocated by proponents of SEAN in building trust and confidence between stated to help dissolve the myriad of interstate tensions.That should be the key adopted to allow us to break away from the notion that one's integrity is violated through external interven tion. By establishing and ensuring the impartiality of intervention and governing the usage of aid extended, I am confident that the negative effects of external intervention can be mitigated. By establishing and enforcing norms that are able to ensure monitored not tolerated, intervention will become a helpful vehicle to drive towards the plopped global society that many are after.Therefore, I conclude that the notion that ‘No country should intervene in the affair of another' should be an invalid one and I strongly disagree with such an absolute. External intervention can be a very useful tool to help society attain its political, social and economic goals of stability. Even when considering the negative effects of intervention, it would be more accurate to modify the hypothesis to assert that ‘No state that pursues its vested interests in a destructive, blatant manner should be allowed to intervene in the affairs of another'. Hence, I disagree with the statement.

Social Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social Engineering - Essay Example The term â€Å"social engineering† was coined by Kevin Mitnick, a hacker who spent many years in federal prison for nefarious activities, then became a highly sought-after computer expert, writing books and other journals. (Mitnick, 2002, p. x). The basics of social engineering are simple – a criminal will use psychological and other low-tech techniques to get what he wants, and what he wants is to hack into the secure databases of these companies to steal trade secrets to give to competitors, or other valuable and confidential information. Some of these techniques include â€Å"dumpster diving† to get information about a company that he wants to exploit; impersonating colleagues, management or IT professionals on the telephone to get information that he needs, such as passwords and passcodes; befriending employees; and getting a job a the corporation to get all the information he needs. Social engineers are a huge threat to all corporations, because what they do seems so innocuous. They also are able to exploit very basic mistakes, such as the fact that employees do not always shred sensitive documents, and think nothing of throwing away calendars, employee handbooks, and corporate phone books, all of which are gold-mines to the social engineers who are looking for information to get their foot in the door of a large corporation. And they do a lot of damage. In one study, people using social engineering techniques were able to steal $1 billion of information in one day! One of the new scams involves live â€Å"support† personnel. (Claburn, 2010, p. 1). In this scam, an individual gets a pop-up or other advertisement stating that their computer has been infected with a virus, and that they need to purchase a certain program called Live PC Care to remedy this problem. If the individual is reluctant to buy this Live PC Care program, then they can click on a box to talk with live personnel. What this

Cyclical Fluctuations in Aggregate Economic Activity in the United Essay

Cyclical Fluctuations in Aggregate Economic Activity in the United States - Essay Example ailed as father of modern economics and as the most influential economist of the 20th century explains that a normal circular flow of money will be achieved if people have cash on their hands. He further states that people’s? refusal to spend and resorts to money hoarding creates a liquidity trap which leads to recession and depression. As such, the government has to spend money or to â€Å"pump prime† to regulate once more the circular flow of money. Karl Marx, explained that the cycle of boom and bust is inherent to capitalist system. He provided a comprehensive critique of the capitalist system. He explained the cycle of boom and bust as a logical consequence of laws governing capitalism (Law of Surplus Value, Law of Tendency of Rate of profit to Fall, Law of Correspondence of the production in Relation to the productive Forces, Law of Accumulation and Law of Competition) (Dickhut). However, in contrast to the above economist, Marx major contribution lies in concludi ng that capitalism is deemed towards doomsdays. He theorized socialism as an alternative economic system not just to remedy the impact on the lives of the working class and the nation in general on the devastating effect of the boom and bust cycle but to radically eradicate it and its consequences of unemployment, inflation, recession and depression. III.Critical Analysis Great Depression The Great Depression of 1930’?s ? is widely considered by economist as a bust period. The US stock market declined by 89% (Ferguson).From August of 1929 to March 1933,the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) of US declined by 33%.Unemployment rose from 5 million in 1930 to 13 million in 1932.People are lining for food and are moving from one place to another as they could not afford rents. Children ages 10-18 are already... This essay provides a critical analysis of the reasons behind Great Depression of 1929-1933 and recent Great Recession, that followed the Financial crisis of 2008. Major roots of the Financial crisis are identified in the essay, monetary and fiscal policies of the US governing bodies are also assessed. Cyclical fluctuations in aggregate economic activity are now accepted as quite part of economic life with politicians describing such crisis as a necessary pain every so often. The reality of economic growth, recession and recovery is a classic manifestation of the capitalist cycle of boom and bust. The Great Depression of 1930’s is widely considered by economist as a bust period. The US stock market declined by 89% . Unemployment rose from 5 million in 1930 to 13 million in 1932. The US economy was able to bounce back from depression with then President Roosevelt policy of bank holiday and gave authority to Federal Reserve to provide loans to its non members. In 2008-2009, US experienced 4 quarters of economic contraction, the worst recession after the Great Depression. Unemployment is up by 14.9 million and 300,000 homeowners are losing their property every month on foreclosure after the NBER declares that recession is over in June The US has employed Keynesian theory- boosting its aggregate demand to save its economy from further collapse. The giant corporations have been bailed out by taxpayer’ money, while the value of home real estate has yet to rise up. This kind of solution is artificially boosting the economy.

Research and Analysis Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

And Analysis - Research Paper Example The subsidiaries of the company are usually consolidated from the acquisition date to the date that the company stops controlling the subsidiary (Gulf times.com). The accounts for the subsidiaries are prepared at the same time as that of the mother company. The accounting policies used are consistent. The group usually eliminates all its balances, losses, gains, and transactions that arise from intra group transactions. The dividends are also fully eliminated. The losses that are found in a subsidiary are usually attributable to the non controlling interest of the company even if the results may lead to a deficit balance. If there occur a change in ownership of the subsidiary without any losses, the transaction is recorded as an equity transaction. When Mannai corp. losses a subsidiary, it derecognizes its liabilities and assets that were attributable to the subsidiary. It also derecognizes the non controlling interest that was associated with the subsidiary. The translational differ ences that were recorded in equity are also derecognized. At the same time, it recognizes fair value of the consideration that it receives, fair value that is attributable to investments received and recognizes profits or losses that are associated with the subsidiary loss. The company then reclassifies its share of components in other income generating avenues. Acquisition policy The company celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2010 and it was named as the largest service and trading company in Qatar (mannai.com) The company refocused its business in 2001 by divesting its interest that were overseas and reducing the dependence on cyclical activities. The company achieved its restructuring goal in 2004 when the company was able to attain the capacity of delivering sustainable earnings for its shareholders. The company became a public company in 2007. In 2011, the company acquired 35% controlling interest in Axiom Company. In the year 2012, mannai corp. and EFG Hermes acquired majority stake in DAMAS Ltd. Motivation for Acquisitions Although it is not directly mentioned in the consolidated statements, from the analysis, the company has motivation for acquisitions for many reasons. First, to enhance the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern based on the fact that this can only happen if the Group has enough resources to continue operating or doing business for the foreseeable future. This is evident in the way the consolidated financial statements of the group continue to be made on a basis of going concern. Second, acquisitions help the group in minimize liquidity risk. The Group has been engaged in acquisitions with the main intention of having or consolidating adequate liquidity to help meet its liabilities, under both stressed and normal conditions, without registering unacceptable risking damage or losses to the Group reputation and operations. Thirdly, since the group depends on financing from shareholders and banks loans, the acquisitions serv es to strengthen the security or collateral base for securing loans from banks. In fact, one of the risks of the group is credit risk where financial liabilities accrue as a result of banks loans or overdrafts (pp. 34). Fourthly, its motivation for acquisition is to increase market share or simply reduce competition. This is because, apart from Axiom Limited which is engaged in import, wholesale and retail sale of various mobile phones brands as well as related

Quality Safety And Cost As It Affects Nursing Essay

Quality Safety And Cost As It Affects Nursing - Essay Example Organizations that have been able to reorganize care delivery to be centered around the patient (where the responsibility of offering care is arranged around what the patients want and needs, as opposed to around the convenience of the organization together with its clinicians and staff) are accomplishing success in enhancing both efficiency and safety, and reducing cost. These organizations also realize that the loyalty of their workforce is rising, and their general organizational performance increases, with profitability benefits. I would demonstrate the importance of nurses in providing patient-centered care. It is important for the director and staff to realize that there should be a healthy clinical relationship between the nurses and patients. These relationships communicate caring, together with the emotional and social responsibilities of delivering care. This way the director and the staff can realize that nursing care can affect the quality of care and patient safety and t he cost. I recommend that social interactions between the nurses and patients are central to patient care should not recede with the advancement of technology. Emotional and social tasks of providing care should never take a back seat to the administrative and biomedical tasks of providing care. The potential nurse-patient relationship to improve the safety and cost-effectiveness of care delivery should never be overlooked in the discussions regarding the way to reform the health care system.

New York Wicks Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New York Wicks Law - Essay Example Studies have shown that the impact of Wicks Law has been to increase the cost of construction by an average of ten percent. Along with this come delays and hassles for coordinating the sub contracting work and all in all Wicks Law acts as a deterrent for school construction work besides the cost over runs. Again, estimates are that ten percent of the $3.7 billion spent on public school construction was on account of the cost over runs due to Wicks Law and this wasted money could have been utilized for education programs. That there is truth in these assertions can be seen from the fact that the authorities from time to time have considered ways of doing away with Wicks Law and have provided exemptions to it. Opposition especially from the sub-contractors have made the authorities shy away from the abolition of Wicks Law and look for ways and means to amend the Law such that there is a reduction of its impact on construction. The sub contractors themselves are quietly accepting that W icks Law is out dated and preparing themselves for the changes that can be expected in the near future, with even the possibility of the abolition of Wicks Law. (Phillips, Mathew. â€Å"Wicks Law at last may be ripe for repeal this year†). Reforms: The abolition of Wicks Law in no way suggests that the rationale was wrong and it only needs to be changed in tune with the changing times. That there should be a separation of the sub-contracting work still remains a requirement, but it should not be mandated, that separate contracts be awarded for the work.

Unemployment and Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unemployment and Inflation - Essay Example Other countries experience a large number of immigrants that other countries are hence causing this difference. Some countries have rigid protective labor legislation. This has made the employment rate to grow slowly in other industrial countries than other countries. Other countries have small or lack the land to do farming while other states do this business hence increasing the employment rate. The presence of different rules and regulation and different resource in this industrial countries contributes to the difference in the employment rates. 3.Inflation and interest rate Inflation causes the increase in the price of buying goods. Inflation is good for investment since it increases the price of the current investment hence making profits from it. Inflation is good for one who has invested and is selling it, but it is expensive for the buyer. The possibility of inflation rate typically increases the interest rate for borrowers the loans. The creditors are the ones who will get t he benefits of it since they will increase the interest rate hence getting more money that they can invest in the future. On the other hand, the borrowers will accept to take the loan with the high-interest rate simply because of the future inflation. The borrowers will be willing to pay a higher interest for them to invest and gain more when the inflation comes. At the end of it, the creditors will gain, the increased interest at that time will the borrowers will get more money in the future since the value of the investment will be higher.

Pythagorean Quadratic Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pythagorean Quadratic - Speech or Presentation Example Ahmed has half of a treasure map, which indicates that the treasure is buried in the desert 2x + 6 paces from Castle Rock. Vanessa has the other half of the map. Her half indicates that to find the treasure, one must get to Castle Rock, walk x paces to the north, and then walk 2x + 4 paces to the east. If they share their information, then they can find x and save a lot of digging. What is ‘x’? Since the Pythagorean Theorem is given by c2 = a2 + b2 then, each of the expressions ‘x’, ‘2x + 4’, and ‘2x + 6’ representing the sides of the right triangle which encloses the route to the buried treasure may be plugged into the Pythagorean equation such that (2x + 6)2 = x2 + (2x + 4)2 where ‘2x + 6’ paces refers to the measure of the longest side. Then expanding the binomials (2x + 6)2 and (2x + 4)2 yields 4x2 + 24x + 36 and 4x2 + 16x + 16, respectively. Upon combining like terms in the compound equation formed, the resulting equation turns out quadratic with x2 - 8x - 20 = 0. By factoring the trinomial, x2 - 8x - 20 becomes the product (x - 10) * (x + 2). Through zero-factor property, each factor may be equated to zero to have x - 10 = 0 and x + 2 = 0, correspondingly. Solving completely, ‘x’ can be isolated on one side of each equation, becoming x = 10 and x = -2. It is logical to use positive values, so in this case, take x = 10. This means from Castle Rock to the place where the treasure is buried, Ahmed can walk 2*(10) + 6 or 26 paces to access the treasure or Vanessa can walk 10 paces heading north first then 2*(10) + 4 or 24 paces going east to be brought to the treasure spot. Apparently, ‘Pythagorean Theorem’ proves useful in solving the specified problem which may be put into an illustration of a closed three-sided figure. Since there are distances covered northward and eastward, a

Free Trade and Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Trade and Developing Countries - Essay Example Therefore, the notion that increasing the volume of commerce by promoting free trade would spur economic development is not applicable to all countries, especially in the developing world. This paper examines the various reasons why free trade is appropriate for promoting economic development in particular developing countries. Free trade provides more opportunities of accessing international resources in both developing and developed economies. However, unregulated access to international markets, especially of developing economies is disastrous to development and sustainability of local industry in these nations (Wilber and Jameson 1992). Therefore, for countries to reap maximum benefits of globalisation, they must device appropriate trading practices that encourage expansion of trade, while protecting the local industries at the same time. Free trade presents several benefits to developing countries. Some of the benefits include availability of cheaper and high quality commodities in the market due to increased competition. Globalisation promotes specialisation where countries specialize in large-scale production of goods and services (Barro, 1997). According to Barro (1997, p19), specialisation lowers the cost of production because the countries concentrate on production of goods and services that they can produce cheaply and more efficiently for the mass market. In addition, free trade promotes competition in the international market, which eventually benefits the consumers. According to Walter and Snyder, (2007), competition at international level compels companies to reduce the costs of their products and improve the quality in order to enhance competitiveness of their products in the market. The competition encourages innovation and adoption of more efficient technology in addition to encouraging more efficient use and management of the available resources. Therefore, free trade discourages entrenchment of monopoly in the global market. Trade monopoly c auses several adverse effects in the market, including high prices, low production and reduced quality of goods and services produced (Colman and Nixson 1986). Market expansion is another important benefit of free trade to developing countries. Industrial growth and development is usually undermined by a constricted market. According to Bates (1981), limited market especially in least developed economies undermines division of labour, which ultimately leads to low production. Free trade encourages adoption of modern technology especially in developing economies that mostly rely on traditional methods of production, limiting mass production of goods and services (Bienen and Jeffrey 1996). In spite of the existence of free trade for a considerable time, developing economies still lag behind in utilization and adoption of modern technology in production. This undermines economic development and flow of capital in developing economies (Collier, 2008). In spite of the apparent advantages of globalisation to developing economies, free trade has negatively affected the economic growth of these countries in various ways. First, free trade promotes large scale and unsustainable utilisation of the available natural resources in the country (Blanchard 2008). Some of the natural resource includes mineral deposits, such as gold, diamonds, oil, copper and platinum among other valuable

Impact of Current Information Technology on Our Lives Essay Example for Free

Impact of Current Information Technology on Our Lives Essay ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My deepest gratitude to my Ate Kristine and my parents who support and encourage me to pursue my chosen path, to concentrate to my studies, for all their kind and inspiring comments. My special thanks go to my grandma, who have given me great moral support in my studies and to our Almighty God, who have given me spiritual support to complete this term paper. I. INTRODUCTION Information technology (IT) ins probably one of the most significant developments in human history since the printing press. It has given rise to one of the most fascinating communications devices ever created, the Internet. It has come into our homes, our schools and our offices, tying us together in unprecedented ways. It is one of the most important developments in recent memory. Information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications. The term in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review, in which authors Leavitt and Whisler commented that the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT).. Some of the modern and emerging  fields of Information technology are next generation web technologies, bioinformatics, cloud computing, global information systems, large scale knowledge bases, etc. A. GENERAL INFORMATION IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages but are not limited to things such as processes, , and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools. IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs. In the recent past, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study as compared to Computer Science and Information Systems today. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education) is the ACM working group for defining these standards. The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763 billion in 2009. B. TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY AND GROWTH Hilbert and Lopez identify the exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moores law): machines’ application-specific capacity to compute information per capita has roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986-2007; the per capita capacity of the world’s general-purpose computers has doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global  telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the world’s storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled roughly every 12.3 years II. TRENDS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The wide range of information, data, and knowledge for problem solving and decision making are dealt with Information Technology. Before starting with the projects, students should be aware of authentication, and integrity features in their projects. Breaking of passwords and hacking can be avoided using these techniques. Anyhow, the various trends for projects are based on the emerging software technology. A. LATEST TRENDS a. Flash technology To add multiple types of external data to the given text, images, video, XML and to interact with web pages, Adobe Flash is used. It provides multimedia platform. The main purpose of this technology is to be used in advertisements and games. Both audio and video streams are supported by flash. One of the Object-oriented languages called ActionScript is the language used here by the developers. Flash player includes ActionScript Virtual Machine (AVM). The compiler, Just-In-Time (JIT), is used for MP3-based audio and bitmap graphics. Flash CS5 is the latest version of Adobe flash which was released on April 12, 2010. b. Microsoft Silverlight Microsoft Silverlight is developed on web framework and is similar to the functions of those in Adobe Flash. In addition, it also integrates multimedia graphics and interaction with a single runtime environment. Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) and its development tools are supported by Silverlight. The processor x86 with streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) is  used by Silverlight. Also the other processors which support Silverlight include the Intel Pentium III and AMD Athlon XP. Any of the .Net Programming language is supported for Silverlight applications. The developing tools for the application can be used along with the .Net language but should be aware that they can target only the Silverlight core CLR for hosting the applications and not that of the .Net Framework CLR since both differs in their own functionalities. 4GDR1 (4.0.50524.0) is the latest version of Silverlight and was released on 03 June 2010. c. Open Source software Open source software is newly emerging trend which is one of the best options for the students. The source code can be modified by the students as per the objective of project. Hence Open source is much flexible than closed version software. Open source software is mainly developed on peer to peer production by collaboration of end product, source material. Open source software can be enhanced by anyone and if you join some open source developers community, you can learn a lot of things directly from the most knowledged persons in the developers community. Even the top companies like Google who are paymasters gives lots of importance to candidates who have worked in open source projects during the interviews. d. Cryptography Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. It also refers to confidentiality. It is often seen as a â€Å"black art†, which means something others don’t understand but you need to understand. Cryptography is one of the essential aspects for secure communication. There are many aspects of security and applications ranging from secure commerce to private communication and to protect passwords. Cryptography is necessary for secure communication but it is not sufficient by itself. Here, the text is encrypted first; i.e. the plain text is changed to inarticulate garbage. The end user does the reverse process i.e. decryption, where the original text  is retrieved. There are a lot of algorithms in this area which is used in real time for data protection in sectors like banks, Research, Password Protection and so on. e. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the study of controlling properties of an atom and molecules. As the name indicates, it deals with the study of structures sized between 1 and 100 nanometer. It is said that, nanotechnology has a tendency to create new materials and devices which can be used in future in a wide range of fields such as medicine, energy production, electronics and bio materials. As they are very small in size, nano structures have a tendency to change its state for transformation of energy. The two main approaches used in nanotechnology are Bottom-up and Top-down. In bottom-up approach, materials and devices are built from molecular, a component which later assemble themselves chemically and follows the principles of molecular recognition. In top-down approach, nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without any atomic level control. Biotechnology is the best example to show the use of nanotechnology in various fields. The upcoming trends mainly focus on security and hacking. Mobile application for iPhone and Android are great areas to explore with good revenue opportunities as well. If you want to stand out from others, instead of going for some courses, try to contribute for an open source project. B. BUSINESS TRENDS Just a few decades ago, businesses had little in the way of office machinery except typewriters. Fax machines were new; only Xerox made copiers, and the computer was a monster that took up an entire room. These behemoths were housed almost exclusively on college campuses or in government laboratories. With the development of the personal computer, the situation changed; it was so quick it sometimes seems like it was overnight. At first, businesses were happy to use computers because their word processing programs made typing projects much easier. But using a computer like a high-powered typewriter  defeats the purpose of having the machine in the first place. Companies soon discovered that their PCs could do a great deal more. Companies began to network offices together so that they could share files and work on the same projects from distant locations. They connected to the Internet and put out advertisements to draw new customers. And perhaps one of the most significant business developments to come with IT is the creation of the electronic marketplace. Companies that sell their products over the Internet greatly increase the number of potential consumers who see their offerings. Even if the company is not actively selling goods, a website is a tremendously helpful tool. A well-designed, easy to navigate site can stimulate interest so that a potential customer calls or writes for further information. Other business applications of IT include â€Å"data mining,† â€Å"knowledge management,† and â€Å"modeling and simulation.† (Kalil, PG). This last is particularly interesting, as it allows companies to build prototypes in the computer. These prototypes perform exactly the same way a three-dimensional model would, and yet are far less expensive than building the â€Å"real thing.† This way, if the prototype doesn’t work, there isn’t the strain on the company’s resources there would be if a real model (car, plane, truck, train) had been built. If it does work, it can be put into production quickly. C. FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS There’s no denying that we are in a worldwide downturn. Government are in debt; jobs are being cut; houses are being repossessed and people because it. However, there is a way to plan for the declining eminent and that is through IT guidance. If you are like most people, the last thing on your opinion is paying for tuition, especially in a specialty as baffling as information technology. However, IT education may be your label out of the slump and into a fulfilling and stable career. For most of us, our prospect is not set in pelt, especially with the downturn. There is no concrete way of aware that you will forever be in the site, or even with the visitors you are with now. However, IT guidance can organize for a potential in information technology at any sector. The  diligence needs IT technicians whether you work in television, marketing, communication, client check, etc. IT technology can open doors to more than just your own effective Future Information Technology Trends environment. You can take these skills and concern them to other sectors and industries as well. This will make the leap to another career in the upcoming much fewer overwhelming, if that time ever comes. Technology and Telecommunication: While many people are trailing their jobs in marketing, buyer ceremony, factual estate and construction, more and more people are verdict their mission via telecommunication. This is because, while the nation is gradually lessening, the â€Å"nation† is blossoming. Websites are in stable penury to IT help including webmasters, graphic designers and programmers. This Future Information Technology Trends trend will prolong as the internet is one of the best customs to join to the world and will only maintain to grow in the future. Technological trends in the future: According to the Bureau of Labour Statistics, the technology world will maintain to upsurge with jobs in IT increasing by 16% in the next ten existence. This is sooner than most other industries in the United States due to the many technological advances within many industries. IT Training for all Industries: even if you never want to dine in a career as an IT technician, information technology exercise can help prepare you for advancement in your own sector. Information technology exists everywhere and this is why it’s important to advantage the skills desirable to understand the information technological phase of your sector. IT is Universal: Another important touch of information technology is that, while some systems modify from troupe to troupe, and from country to country, they are all relatively the same. This means that, if you desire to do so, you can move and convey with career guidance in IT. Spend a year in Japan since the sights and running in IT on the section, or take your skills to Australia when the frost months get too cold. The possibilities Future Information Technology Trends for those with information technology training not only transport from trade to industry, but they also outdo continental boundaries as well. D. EMERGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS Traditionally, hotels were mostly dependant on cards and paperwork at the front desk to keep in meet with old and current customers. They were chiefly at the mercy of the wishes of vacationers to succeed, and on their own pains and force to be inclined for budding surges or long droughts of tenancy. Luckily, such inconvenience and old-fashioned methods are long since ancient, gratitude to advances in information technology. The first question in which information technology became important regarded billing. Old-fashioned paper-based book-keeping time-consuming and inefficient, and was not able briefly to tell a lodge holder what the avow of their lodge was. Luckily, advances in modern proof keeping tolerate for a lodge holder to keep pathway of what they have on hand, how much of it they have, and how much it outlay. Accounting is complicated, but future software, especially that tailored to the sole needs of the hospitality activity, helps to permit lodge owners to make smart decisions. Services and harvest that are no longer worn can be instantly cut off to prelude money, while those who show want can be augmented in magnitude or bespoke to diminish the important tradition. Most hotels are recurring with booking quarters and reservations over the telephone, but information technology has prolonged well past that. Hotels can now work with different online trek companies and booking military to have Emerging Information Technology Trends their rooms booked online, with no indigence to employ classy force. This also allows a lodge to announce their open rooms and unusual deals promptly to people who would be most to grasp them, instead of killing much money advertising in an unfocused mode. High worth information technology hence allows for better arrangement and management of booking to tolerate a lodge to better maximize residence, and to know in proceed when large groups or prop period are approaching. This allows a lodge manager to make strategy about transient pole, good times to renovate or inflate, or other concerns, because he/she can decide the state of their hotel currently and for the next few months with only a few clicks on the laptop. The advances in information Emerging Information Technology Trends technology proffer well afar booking, however. The internet is  necessary for vacationers who fancy to associate those back home, and for those nomadic on topic to get in feel with the bureau. Therefore, wireless internet has become a very ordinary and very helpful tune for hotels to supply. Many interest minded persons even entail that an hotel tender internet army so that they can keep running while on the street. Luckily, such army are easy to supply, as all that is required is a wireless router and diverse plans to guarantee the whole hotel is filled with the practice. Modern advances in wireless internet also permit for the wireless internet provided for hotel visitors to be used to group the hotel itself. Security cameras, door stresses, and other policy basic to hotel sanctuary and shelter can be Emerging Information Trends wired into the interact, so that workforce are alerted when a door is propped open, a fire alarm goes off or suspicious activity occurs. Though the hotel guests are wholly unaware of it, this variety of added safety and guarantee keeps them careful, and in the occasion of a puzzle they will almost surely appreciate the benefits of such system. As difficult as it is, information technology in the hospitality activity is still going ahead. Intelligent booking systems enable hasty and helpful guest opinion, along with the ability to predict who is likely to use the hotel again and tell them via e-packages or passage letters when a good deals appear. Hotels with scope mass or other guest services can tender menus online, allowing for abrupt updates, high-class photos, and other behavior to allow guests to see and order services before they even arrive. There also advances in terms of payroll and list which make information technology Emerging Information Technology Trends an effective asset for reduction money and maximizing profits. The sole quality of the hospitality trade makes it a great place for new and emerging information technology, and farther-opinion hotel owners and managers are forever looking for smart tools and software to invest in. E. HEALTHCARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS The utilization of technology in healthcare has opened the method for improvements in a limit of areas. One of the advantages and payback of fitness tending technology is the additional people are extant diseases like feeling and blight disease due to the fitness to identify them earlier than formerly skilled. With this ability comes the subsidy of being able to use a method that may be fewer extreme than one beloved as the disease grows. With a disease like Tuberculosis, as it metastasizes, the talent to struggle it and eliminate it gets harder and harder. Although, one more use of technology in healthcare has brought us newest drugs that can aim more precisely the particular scourge cells along with being more embattled in other areas. It has also brought us latest radiation Healthcare Information Technology Trends tools that can be far extra accurate and not have to use the shotgun manage to dig up to the tumor. The ray could even be bent about key body parts like glands and arteries so as not to injure them when focusing in that territory. One interesting and futuristic loan is the utilization of robots. You can now have a preset prostatectomy with an outcome that may be to the profit of the enduring. With the use of a robot in surgical procedure there is a slighter Healthcare Information Technology Trends opening and large incisions which is fewer torment for the tolerant, there is a smaller quantity of blood failure, an exclusive hazard of rigid cuts about delicate nerves and tendons which may allow the unwearied a pompous choice of not having poorer effects from the surgical procedure, and typically a shorter drape about in the hospice and a shorter recovery time. The accuracy of the robot is far more rigid than a surgeon using his/her hands lonesome. Robots are also programmed in such way that they can grip complicated situations. Another zone where robots are worn is in mandatory middle surgery. Again the accuracy and precision of the tools show the way to a bigger unplanned of a quicker recovery time and minus anguish to the patient. The finer incisions and the possibility of less blood harm are one advantage to using robots in a middle surgery. The dab Vinci Healthcare Information Technology Trends robot worn in the heart and growth surgeries and has the opportunity to be  worn in a range of areas where precision and accuracy are vital. III. EDUCATION Although computers are now common in the classroom that has not been the most significant step in their use as educational tools. I believe that distinction has to go to distance education. The concept is not all that new, because the idea of remote classrooms with a teacher appearing on television has been in place for decades. But the idea of conducting an entire class over the Internet is radically different. In distance education, the students may never set foot in a classroom at all. They will interact with the teacher and with their peers via email; they may participate in lectures via some sort of instant messaging service. The assignments are posted by the instructor, and the completed assignments are returned to him/her through email. Attending class by accessing the Internet does of course mean that the student cannot participate in a live exchange with his peers and the instructor, so in that sense the spontaneity of the classroom is missing. However, for students in very remote areas, or when classes are offered at one campus and not another, it is a viable solution, and it is made possible by IT. IV. PERSONAL USAGE Of course the single biggest item here is the personal computer. Having a computer at home has revolutionized life for millions of people around the globe. We tend to get our news from the computer; we may find ourselves in a discussion with someone on the other side of the planet; and we tour museums and shops in distant cities among many other uses. Many people now work from home (â€Å"telecommuting†) rather than physically going to the office. This saves road congestion and helps diminish pollution. Children and teens use the computer to help with their homework, and with the Internet, they have the entire world as a resource. V. CONCLUSION The impact of IT on society is hard to overestimate. Many of the developments, as I’ve indicated, have been positive, but there are some negatives as well, specifically a tendency to spent more time alone, or interacting only with the computer rather than with real people. Still, for most of us, IT has made a sizeable impact, and a positive one, on our lives. VI. REFERENCES http://www.cisp.org/imp/april_99/04_99kalil.htm http://www.wikipedia.com

factors affecting saccharomyces cerevisiae

factors affecting saccharomyces cerevisiae Chapter 1: Introduction Research Questions: What is the effect of differing temperatures on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? What is the effect of differing pH levels on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? What is the effect of differing glucose concentrations on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single celled fungus that reproduces asexually by budding or division. It is one of the most well studied eukaryotic model organisms in both molecular and cell biology. S. cerevisiae is a very good type of yeast for biological studies owing to the rapid growth (doubling time 1.5-2 hours at 30 Â °C), the dispersed cells and the ease of replica planting. Moreover is a non-pathogenic organism, so can be handled fearlessly with only little precautions. Also large amounts of commercial bakers yeast are available with result being an easy and cheap source for biochemical studies. S. cerevisiae has round to ovoid cells between 3-8ÃŽÂ ¼m in diameter. 1.2 Respiration In biology, respiration is defined as: the process by which the energy in food molecules is made available for an organism to do biological work (Kent, 2000; p.100). It is also called Cellular respiration. This process of cellular respiration happens in every living cell as it is the only way to obtain energy in a form that will be usable for the cell, so it can carry out the functions of movement, growth and reproduction (ibid). The food in yeasts must be obtained as they cannot produce it on their own. For yeasts, a very good source of energy is sugars. All strains of S. cerevisiae can metabolize glucose (a hexose sugar), maltose and trehalose. 1.3 Types of Respiration There are two main types of respiration that take place within a cell: Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) and Aerobic respiration (with oxygen). S. cerevisiae can metabolize sugars in both ways, but in this research the cultures of yeast were exposed to air hence to oxygen, so aerobic respiration was mainly the way that yeast cells grew and reproduced. 1.4 Enzymes Thousands of chemical reactions are carried out within a cell. These reactions most of the times occur in a very slow rate. For that reason living organisms make biological catalysts which are called enzymes and speed up these reactions. Enzymes are globular proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions (Allot, 2007; p.18. Also cells can control which reaction occurs in their cytoplasm by making some enzymes and not others. Enzymes achieve to increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy (the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur) (Greenwood. Et al. 2007; p.167) of the substrate or the substrates, when binding to the activation site (Greenwood. et al. 2007; p.114). Enzymes are sensitive molecules with very specific structure which enables them to carry out specific reactions. This structure including the active site can be damaged by various conditions and substrates. This damage is called denaturation and is usually permanent for an enzyme and if denaturation is occurred the enzyme can no longer carry out its function. As a result when enzymes are required to catalyze a reaction, is necessary that they have appropriate conditions. Different enzymes have different ideal conditions called optimum. The factors that affect the enzyme activity are: the temperature, the pH, the substrate concentration. The effect of temperature, pH and substrate concentration upon the enzyme activity which affects the growth of S. cerevisiae yeast cells are studied in this research. 1.5 Effect of Temperature As the temperature is increased in an enzyme-catalysed reaction, the rate of reaction is increased up to maximum in a specific temperature. This is called optimum temperature. The optimum temperature of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 30o- 32oC. Above this temperature the rate starts to drop rapidly. This is due to the high energy that causes vibration inside the enzyme with result the bonds which maintain the structure of enzyme to break. This causes denaturation and the active site can no longer fit the substrate. 1.6 Effect of pH (hydrogen ion concentration) Most of the enzymes operate effectively in a small range of pH values. Between these pH values there is an optimum pH value in which the enzyme activity is the highest. The optimum pH of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 5.5. Acids and alkalis cause denaturation of the structure of the enzyme by breaking mainly hydrogen and ionic bonds with result the substrate cant fit the active site. Furthermore the charges of the amino acids within the active site are affected by pH changes, so the enzyme is not able to form an enzyme-substrate complex. Above and below the optimum pH the enzymatic activity hence the rate is reduced considerably. 1.7 Effect of Substrate concentration In an enzyme-catalysed reaction the rate increases in direct proportion to the substrate concentration. The optimum glucose concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2%. At low substrate concentrations, the rate of enzymatic activity increases sharply as the substrate increases. This occurs due to the more frequent collisions between the substrate molecules and the unoccupied active sites. On the other hand, at high substrate concentrations the biggest part of the active sites have been occupied with result when increasing the substrate concentration there is little effect on the rate of enzymatic activity. 1.8 Purpose of the research The purpose of this research that is carried out to examine the growth of S. cerevisiae yeast cells in different factors and various conditions is not so in order to discover which are the optimum conditions in each factor (as this species of S. cerevisiae is very well studied and examined professionally because of its usage in food industry) but to examine in real conditions and not theoretical ones how altering the environment of a cell affects the way its enzymes work and help the whole cell to live and divide in all of the previously ways that were mentioned in the introduction part.

Relation Between Nestle And The Brady Information Technology Essay

Relation Between Nestle And The Brady Information Technology Essay The passage introduces Nestle Corporations lack of standard business processes and its attempts to align its information systems and business process. It was aimed at transforming to a unified database accessible to all Nestle Worldwide employees worldwide. Though Nestle seemed to have developed ideas for developments using SAP architectures to make it as a single-minded e-business the project turned failure initially mainly because of the resistances from the employees . I believe that this was because of the incorrect application of a change management strategy .Fortunately Nestle had a chance to learn from its mistakes and revitalize their project. Learning Experiences from Cayenne Business simulation in Nestle The Cayenne Exercises in class was aimed at building project management capability and preparing us for project challenges at work .It can be related to Nestle Case analysis. Considering Nestles Case the New rollout caused problem mainly due to its change management strategy. Its to be accounted that Resistances from Employees was seen and this should be accounted that using approaches like Big Bang (i.e.: Dedicated team), Modular Approaches (i.e.: Project integration happens from One division to other) and Process Oriented approaches (i.e.: Critical Success Factors to evaluate pain areas) could have improved the process while managing implementations. (Lau, 2004) (OLeary, 2000) Lientz Rea (2004)Or nullified by appropriately communicating, counselling and training its staffs on the advantages of the new system and its business implications. The Simulation project in class and The Nestle had potential problems like team chemistry, team dynamics which had to control and hence both these project works did not receive much bbusiness value as it expected originally. One of the main factors was both failed to consider and understand the mindset of the people involved in the project. Systems before implanting change should balance needs work people, steering groups, sponsors, and mainly stake holders, as they are the key people. They must be provided with performance support systems and trainings. Davenport (2000) .else will resulted in Nestlà ©s Struggles and failure with Enterprise Systems projects. Cayenne is a valuable preparation for me to understand and improve my project management capabilities and use process oriented approaches and evaluate critical success factors (Lau, 2004) After restructuring and reengineering its information systems Nestle started yielding the business values. . Relation between Nestle and the Brady case study Brady Corporation as well depended on its information systems for its business. As per the analysis between Nestle and Brady both seemed to have faced almost similar problems i.e.: Information systems and also the adaptivenss of the organizations workforce to these systems. It was seen that Brady had been involved with several other applications which made the complexities internally and externally to the environment. Brady realized the need to move to digitalized technologies to minimize manual errors and cut operational loses . Brady revamped and re-engineered their business operations similar to Nestle by centralizing databases, by effectively using a change management strategies and implementing globally the new business information systems. One of the main factors was both failed to consider and understand the mindset of the people involved in regular use of the application. They gave counselling and training its staffs, key holders, sales, marketing and making them familiarize with their new business methodologies enabling quicker operations control. Davenport (2000) Brady and Nestle realised the need for global expansions and simultaneously keeping its customers happy by implementing process to minimize errors, standardize process and mishaps and thus converting to a customer focused organization and keeping the organizational culture Cayenne is a valuable preparation for me as I understand the need of improving project management capabilities and use process oriented approaches and evaluate critical success factors (Lau, 2004) Both these corporations according to me have never been much keen on following the standardized frame work for an IS / IT implementation to demonstrate best practices frame work and its to be noticed that mostly after a rollout major issues are noted . Using a Standardized framework like ITIL gives quality service provisions and roll out plans meeting business services request and customer demands quickly and gives direct value to business services management. Murray Mohamed (2007) In my opinion Both Nestle and Brady should be considered the use of this because ITIL follows sequences of steps to be considered before deploying an enterprise application. Murray Mohamed (2007) Figure: An ITIL enabled Structural frame work. Source: Murray Mohamed (2007) Cayenne simulation: -Reflective report on acquired key learnings Based on our learning With Mr Martin, was initially focussed on an organization which had a failed project and the steps by which I am as a project member tackles these problems to restructure my organization .We were guided initially through improving project conditions again by highlighting the key performance reassures, resources and focus members like the team, organization and the steering group members. We organized ourselves in a team of six members. The key foundations of the project to be taken accounted to six different periods The reflections from this learning exercise depicts my skills in managing existing project conditions effectively in a new business scenario and gave me lessons like to managing cost and time to take business decisions at the right time Initial focus was on resources, team work and identifying the main issues likely to be raised by the steering committee members and the scope of the project. We believed that Team work itself is an organizational strategy and we used our people constructively and effectively in gaining advantages. In a team we maintained balance, leadership and a good communication which are essential. Thompson (2010). The next in chain followed the requirements section where the consideration was on developing competence and the current standing of employees. In the design phase we learned about developments of blue prints so that we can check for alternate ways, and abide with the other process. This lesson taught me to look for several alternate ways of diagnosing business requirements .In the detailed design process we targeted the end-users and the defined work flows by which the project is governed .In the developmental phase we considered the testing phase where we tested the project friendliness and looked for fresh ideas for improving user developments . In the implementation phase is our commitment to our managers to deliver the project on time to end users and check the end user experiences. This simulation has given me some ideas of dealing with real life situations and working in pressured environments .It introduced me to key members like steering groups , stake holders who are the real key people and not only managers who worry about failed projects .I also learned in maximizing business values and do a testing phase analysis before a project is being handed over the end users .It taught me effective time management and needs for effective groups and members to bring in new ideas for a development .Cayenne Simulations were an insight to real corporate life on how a project gets into real shape and how to deal with a failed project . This simulation taught me about values like networking between other group members to get ideas quickly, so in a consulting field I will try to develop professional contacts via linked- in.com, company parties, business functions etc. All together it gave me a real life consultants experiences and I believe this learning lesson will be helpful for my consulting carer.

Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Essays

In 1997, three students were denied admission into the University of Michigan. Each of them, in turn, sued the school, charging them with discrimination. In one of the cases, a student was denied admission into Michigan’s law school. Chicago Sun-Times writers Dave Newbart and Kate Grossman reported that last Monday, June 23, 2003, in a 5-4 majority ruling, swing vote Justice Sandra Day O’Connor judged for the school maintaining their right to consider the race of their applicants. In a second decision, the court ruled that they supported the University’s use of race in their admissions policy, but use of a point system was unconstitutional under the fourteenth amendment (Equal Protection Clause). Why then was the student still dissatisfied with the ruling? She was suing the school for reverse discrimination stemming from the University of Michigan’s use of affirmative action towards their applicants. The student was white. The lawsuit sent shockwaves across the nation. Though the case centered on college admission practices, affirmative action plays a role in many everyday matters, especially towards procedures regarding employment. Before delving into discourse and opinions, the background and history of affirmative action should be discussed. According to writer Stephen Cahn, affirmative action’s origins stem from an executive order that John F. Kennedy wrote in regards to the hiring practices of employers. Cahn writes that the President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity Employment stated federal contractors â€Å"...will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action, to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." The principle of this order from President Kennedy was more developed with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which in part stated that "No person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal fin ancial assistance." About one year later, President Lyndon B. Johnson defined the concept of affirmative action emphasizing that civil rights laws alone were not enough to resolve discrimination. Just months later, President Johnson issued an order to enforce affirmative action toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment. Employers must take specific measures to ensure equality in hiring and must document these efforts.

Opposition between Art and Reality in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay

Opposition between Art and Reality in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tempest is a self-reflexive play that explores the boundaries of art and reality. Shakespeare's island is a realm controlled by the artist figure; where the fabulous, the ideal and the imaginative are presented as both illusory and palpable, and where the audience is held in an indeterminate state, a "strange repose". The juxtaposition of the world of art with political and social realities explored by representative characters is the central contrast of the play, and is foregrounded by the use of non-verbal techniques. These techniques allow the audience to appreciate the art that facilitates the spectacle they watch, as well as understand that the ideal remains an illusory state impinged on by concerns of the real world. This contrast does not resolve itself; rather, it remains inconclusive and leaves us, according to Russ McDonald, in a "marginal condition between expectation and understanding, affirmation and skepticism, comedy and tragedy".    The opening storm scene represents the collapse of all the civility and social order of the known world. The effectiveness of the storm is made possible by the opening "tempestuous noise of thunder and lightning" which pre-empts the events to come. The storm immediately catapults the reader into an understanding of the characters on board the ship. It exposes us to the way in which the characters' social assumptions capitulate when they are exposed to adversity; and leads us to expect that on their arrival on the island they will be reformed. However, quite the reverse is true - in the second act we are presented with men who appear even More zealously political now that they are free of havin... ...tion between art and reality is developed simultaneously by dialogue and a series of non-verbal techniques.    Works Cited and Consulted Alan Durband. (Ed.) (1984). The Tempest. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's Educational Series Inc. Deborah Willis, 'Shakespeare's Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism', Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 29, no.2, (1989) Eric Cheyfitz, The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan, (Oxford University Press, 1991) Ritchie, D. and Broussar, A. (1997). American History: The Early Years to 1877. New York: Glencoe Kanoff, Acott. (1998). Your Study Guide to William Shakespeare: The Tempest. Cleveland: The Cleveland Play House Education Department William Shakespeare, The Tempest, ed. Frank Kermode, with an introduction by Frank Kermode, (Arden, 1964)   

Cultural competence and its promotion in the education system Essay

The demise of racial segregation in the 1960s saw the emergence of cultural diversity with colored and non colored students now being taught under the same roof. From then on, schools have seen an increasingly diverse mix of students, matters having been complicated further by globalization, which has resulted in more diverse cultures making the United States their country of choice. Diversity is good and must be appreciated; the only problem is that if not handled well it may have the potential of creating apathy between the different cultures making up the cultural mix so that instead of a system becoming a cultural melting pot, it becomes the crystallization chamber. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of culture in molding competent students. Cultural competence More often than not, competence is construed in its narrowest definition, which is mostly in reference to acquisition of the necessary skills for the performance of a job. For this paper however, competence will be in reference to both culture and knowledge. Ahlawat and Ahlawat (2006) found the influence of globalization to be so enormous to the extent that multicultural diversity is now amongst the key ingredients for students aspiring for a global career. An equally important finding is by Thomas (2006), who emphasized the importance of cultural intelligence in the business environment. The role of culture within the organizations is captured by Berrell and Gloet (1999), who did a study on influence of culture in organizational culture and found it significant. The study implies that for one to blend seamlessly in to an organization there must be a level of cultural competence because there seems to be a thin line between the culture within and without the organization. For instance, according to the study, an organization within Malaysia will most likely have a culture similar to that of Malaysian people. If one has problems adapting to the Malaysian culture then the person’s work output may be greatly limited. The role of the education system in such a scenario will be to create a culturally competent global citizen. It cannot of course be expected that students will be trained to adapt to certain cultures only, instead, skills to adapt to diverse cultures will be imparted. Such a skill is given by Arizaga, Waldo and Castellanos (2005), who found that teachers who participated in multicultural enhancement program showed increase cultural competence in the form of listening and expressive skills. Evidently, these are adaptive skills that once acquired may be applied in any cultural setting. Educator’s role in promoting cultural competence The design of the education system should ensure that it produces tolerant people capable of adapting to any cultures. One of the ways given by Arizaga et al (2005) is by having multicultural enhancement programs to promote listening and expressive skills. Pope and Mueller (2005) also emphasize the need to integrate diversity issues in designing education programs. This can perhaps be described as the cornerstone of achieving cultural competence because if its importance can be taken in to account in the training of educators then eventually the educators that will end up in the field preparing the students will know what it entails to be culturally competent, and will thereafter pass on the skill. Pope, Mueller and Reynolds (2009) appear to agree with the importance of having culturally competent educators when it pays tribute to student affairs professionals for the increased number of multicultural scholarships in the last three decades. The emphasis should therefore be on getting culturally competent educators on board the educational system if substantial results are to be expected. . Further to that, the authors are also urging the educators not to simply embrace diversity; they should actually seek it proactively. In addition to promoting cultural competence in as far as interacting with people from other ethnic, racial and national cultures, the education system should promote tolerance to homosexuals. This is according to Liang and Alimo (2005), who suggested that the education system could promote a more positive attitude of heterosexual students towards homosexual students by encouraging interaction between the two groups, something the study found to increase tolerance between the two groups. An equally important aspect of attitude development in the education system is the acquisition of positive views of self worth and meaningfulness Coll and Zalaquet (2007). Its importance in promoting cultural competence may not be obvious, but it is not hard to imagine how a person with a feeling of high self worth and meaning will find it rational to respect other people’s rights. A challenge to achieving cultural diversity is presented by Salazar (2005) who cites challenges faced by counsellors of color. Counselors of color according to the research are faced with prejudices in their interactions with white middle class students. Sadly, this may be an in built mentality, which may take some time to get rid of but fortunately, cultural competence presents one of the remedies to this inappropriate attitude. Implications of the findings Most people spend over two decades in school, meaning that the education system plays a big role in shaping the national psyche. Among other functions, Gay (2009) says that education plays an important role bringing up constructive students. The element of constructiveness goes beyond cultural competence and ropes in other areas such as raw knowledge and social skills. In fact, according to the article the education system may play role in promoting democracy. The upshot of all this is that an educator must realize that the challenges and objectives of the education system are dynamic and for one to remain relevant, it is important to continuously adapt to the changes. For instance, a few years ago it would have been unthinkable that the education system would want to promote tolerance towards homosexuals; these were outcasts for whom there was little concern. However, the reality of the output focused employment present today has ensured increased tolerance to such people and thus the need for a change in approach. An educator will be differentiated from any other knowledgeable person from their ability to produce all rounded graduates. Some of the important traits to be considered include cultural competence and tolerance. For example, if the task is to teach students mathematics without considerations to the other aspects then that can even be done by anybody with the basic knowledge needed to teach the particular subject. The professional educator must be easy to differentiate from other people possessing the same level of knowledge, and one of the hallmarks of this is the ability to produce culturally competent students among other things. Conclusion From the study, cultural competence has proven to be a very important subject area for one’s development. Most people spend over two decades in school, meaning that they will acquire some of their lifelong traits there. Global occupational mobility is on the rise and one of the key ingredients to it is cultural competence. People with less of it will have a very hard time adapting to the different work environments that will be made available by the increased mobility. One’s work output is not a function of skills competence only; it must also include the person’s ability to work with people, which means adopting the narrow minded definition of education will produce half baked students. References Ahlawat, S. , & Ahlawat, S. (2006, ). Competing in the Global Knowledge Economy: Implications for Business Education.. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(1), 101-105. Arizaga, M. B. , Waldo, M. , & Castellanos, L. (2005). Multicultural Sensitivity and Interpersonal Skills Training for Preservice Teachers. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44(2), 198-202. Berrell, M. , & Gloet, M. (1999). Reflections on the cultural dimensions of educational administration. EAF Journal, 13(2), 10. Coll, J. , & Zalaquet, C. (2007). The Relationship of Worldviewsof Advisors and Students and satisfaction with advising: A Case of Homogenous. Journal of College Student Retention, 9(3), 273-281. Gay, G. (2009). Similar Concerns, Different Perspectives of Social Studies and Multicultural Education. Social Studies Review, 48(1), 25-27. Liang, C. , & Alimo, C. (2005). The Impact of White Heterosexual Students’ Interactions on Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of College Student Development, 46(3), 237-250. Pope, R. , & Mueller, J. (2005). Faculty and Curriculum: Examing Multicultural Competence and Inclusion. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 679-688. Pope, R. , Mueller, J. , & Reynolds, A. (2009). Looking Back and Moving Forward: Future Directions for Diversity Research in Student Affairs. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 640-659 Salazar, C. (2005). Outsiders in a White, Middle-Class System: Counselor Educators of Color on Academe. Jounral of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44(2), 240-252. Thomas, D. (2006). Domain and Development of Cultural Intelligence: The Importance of Mindfulness. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 78-99.